关键词: 驾驶室；气动噪声；车门缝隙；涡脱落；优化控制

Abstract: This paper investigates the whistling noise issue originating from door gaps in the cab of a heavy-duty truck under external air recirculation mode, employing a combined experimental and simulation approach. The influence of varying gap sizes on aeroacoustic noise is systematically examined, and the mechanism behind the aeroacoustic anomaly is revealed. Real-vehicle tests indicate significant differences in noise spectra among different vehicles: vehicle 1 exhibits prominent peaks at 4 150 Hz and 4 368 Hz, while vehicle 2 shows a single peak at 1 269 Hz, reflecting the substantial impact of manufacturing tolerances on acoustic performance. By establishing refined models with gap widths of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, and utilizing large eddy simulation coupled with the acoustic analogy method, the noise generation mechanisms for different gap widths are clarified. Narrow gaps (1 mm) excite unstable S-shaped oscillatory flow and periodic vortex shedding, resulting in high-frequency discrete noise. Medium gaps (3 mm) form vortex structures resembling a Kármán vortex street, inducing mid-frequency whistling noise. Wide gaps (5 mm), due to the coanda effect, suppress periodic vortex shedding, leading to a broadband noise characteristic. Based on these findings, an optimization solution involving the introduction of pressure relief holes at specific locations on the cab is proposed. Both simulation and experimental validation confirm that this approach effectively eliminates abnormal noise peaks and significantly improves the interior acoustic environment, without compromising the original sealing system functionality. This research establishes a complete technical framework from problem identification and mechanism analysis to solution verification, providing theoretical insights and engineering references for aeroacoustic noise control and optimization in heavy-duty trucks.

Key words: cab; aeroacoustic noise; door gap; vortex shedding; optimization control