关键词: 复合材料板簧；轻量化；有限元分析；遗传算法设计

Abstract: This paper ensures that the stiffness of composite material leaf springs meets the required standards while maximizing their strength and achieving a weight reduction target of 30% for lightweighting. Based on the theory of composite laminate plates, geometric dimensions are selected as design variables to construct an optimization model targeting stiffness, strength, and mass. The genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the design process. In terms of strength, finite element simulation verification under four strength conditions is conducted on the lightweight composite material leaf springs using ABAQUS. For stiffness, finite element simulation verification is performed under four loads and compared with bench test results of physical samples before optimization. The results indicate that after achieving a 30% reduction in mass, the safety factors for tensile and compressive strengths of the composite material leaf springs remain above 1.0. The error between the stiffness simulation analysis results of the composite material leaf springs and the bench test results of the physical samples before optimization is within ±3%, verifying that the stiffness of the lightweight composite material leaf springs meets the required standards. This research not only validates the rationality of the lightweight design but also provides a scientific basis for structural optimization of composite material leaf springs.

Key words: composite material leaf spring; lightweighting; finite element analysis; genetic algorithm design