关键词: 儿童损伤；低速碰撞；下肢损伤；多因素分析

Abstract: To investigate the injury mechanisms and influencing factors of child pedestrians in traffic accidents, a finite element simulation is conducted using a child model from a full-body safety simulation. The study focused on the lower limb injuries sustained by children in collisions with different vehicle types at speeds below 40 km/h. A total of 69 simulation data sets are obtained under various conditions, including different orientations, impact locations, and vehicle types. Based on these simulation results, a multi-factor coupling femur stress prediction model is established and validated with 24 additional simulation models. The simulation results indicated that frontal collisions with child pedestrians at speeds exceeding 28 km/h would likely result in lower limb fractures. The combined effects of the relative position between the pedestrian's leg and the vehicle, as well as the pedestrian's facing orientation, significantly influenced the tibial stress values upon impact. It is found that the least damage to the lower limbs occurred when the child pedestrian is facing away from the vehicle, whereas the most severe damage is observed when the pedestrian is struck at the license plate area of the vehicle. The simulation data and stress model provide valuable references and modeling approaches for road safety research concerning child pedestrians.

Key words: child injury; low speed collision; lower limb injury; multi-factor analysis