主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 55-61.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.003.010

• 设计研究 • 上一篇    

可调节式挖掘机节能机械臂的设计与仿真

李泽 1，郭洪瑞 1，高建豪 1，王文萱 2，赵明宇 1，杨晓明 1*   

  1. 1.华北理工大学 机械工程学院； 2.华北理工大学 应急管理与安全工程学院
  • 发布日期:2026-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓明
  • 作者简介:李泽（2004－），男，研究方向为机械结构设计及优化 通信作者：杨晓明（1993－），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为塑性加工工艺及结构优化设计
  • 基金资助:
    河北省高等学校科技研究计划项目（QN2024242）；河北省教育教学改革与实践项目（2023GJJG210）

Design and Simulation of Adjustable Energy-Saving Robotic Arm for Excavators

LI Ze1 , GUO Hongrui1 , GAO Jianhao1 , WANG Wenxuan2 , ZHAO Mingyu 1 , YANG Xiaoming1*   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology; 2.College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology
  • Published:2026-02-04
  • Contact: YANG Xiaoming

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摘要： 针对液压挖掘机能耗高、碳排放量大的问题，文章设计了一种基于杠杆原理的可调节 式节能机械臂，通过三维建模软件对斗杆结构进行创新设计，集成伸缩配重装置，利用力矩 平衡关系降低液压缸驱动力需求。当伸缩配重装置伸出长度为 400 mm、配重为 400 kg 时，得 到显著节能效果，最大力节省率为 10.673%（基准载荷为 20 000 N），最大日节油量为 3.34 L。 基于 ANSYS Workbench 的静动态分析显示，极限工况下最大等效应力低于许用值，验证了结 构在静态载荷和受惯性力影响下的稳定性与承载能力，为工程机械节能设计提供了新方案。

关键词: 节能机械臂；机械结构；应力-应变；静动态分析

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to address the challenges posed by the elevated energy consumption and carbon emissions of hydraulic excavators. To this end, a novel adjustable energy-saving robotic arm has been designed. This robotic arm is based on the principle of leverage, and its structure has been innovatively designed through the use of three-dimensional modeling software. The design incorporates a telescopic counterweight device, and it has been developed to reduce the demand for driving force of the hydraulic cylinder by leveraging the torque balance relationship. The analysis indicates that when the telescopic counterweight device is extended by 400 mm and the counterweight is set at 400 kg, a substantial energy savings is achieved, with a maximum force reduction of 10.673% (base load of 20 000 N) and a maximum daily fuel savings of 3.34 L. Static and dynamic analyses based on ANSYS Workbench demonstrate that the maximum equivalent force is lower than the permissible value under the ultimate working condition. This verifies the stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure under the influence of static load and inertia force. Furthermore, it provides a new solution for the energy-saving design of construction machinery.

Key words: energy-saving robotic arm; mechanical structure; stress-strain; static and dynamic analysis