关键词: 电动汽车；角模块；轮毂电机；四轮独立转向

Abstract: As one of the effective means for the electrification, intellectualization, and integration of electric vehicle chassis, corner module technology is an important direction in the development from centralized drive to distributed full-by-wire architecture. To comprehensively analyze the development status and trends of this field, this paper summarizes the mainstream configurations and key technologies of corner module technology, and draws the following conclusions. From the perspective of layout schemes, in-wheel motors and wheel-side motors each have their own advantages in structural design, and complement each other in functional integration and unsprung mass; moreover, double-wishbone, MacPherson strut, and trailing-arm suspensions also have their respective advantages. From the perspective of technical routes, inner-rotor and outer-rotor inwheel motors exhibit different torque performance, thermal performance, and lifespan performance, and current research mainly focuses on improving electromagnetic efficiency, enhancing thermal performance, and reducing noise. From the perspective of control strategies, technologies based on four-wheel independent steering have achieved favorable results by using model predictive control, sliding mode control, fault-tolerant reconfiguration, and other methods, with significant improvements in vehicle stability, trajectory tracking, and system safety. The review concludes that although problems such as unsprung mass, thermal management, and cooperative control remain, the combination of corner module technology with skateboard chassis and high-level autonomous driving will further promote the development of electric vehicles in terms of intellectualization, lightweight design, and safety.

Key words: electric vehicles; corner module; in-wheel motor; four-wheel independent steering