关键词: 商用车；前拖钩；结构优化；轻量化；有限元分析

Abstract: The front tow hook is a core safety component for emergency rescue of commercial vehicles, and its performance directly determines rescue reliability and road collision safety. To address the common pain points of conventional commercial vehicle front tow hooks, such as excessive rigidity, excessive front protrusion, structural redundancy, inconvenient installation and use, and susceptibility to bolt fracture, as well as industry issues including that most mass-produced products only meet the forward static load requirements of the national standard Commercial vehicles Front towing devices (GB/T 28948－2012), are prone to failure under complex rescue conditions, and exhibit poor vehicle-to-vehicle crash compatibility, this paper proposes two optimization schemes: an integrated fixed tow hook and a retractable integrated tow hook. Through integrated base design, load path optimization, innovative folding limit structures, and box-type protective design, the structural dimensions and product weight are reduced while balancing towing strength and crash protection performance. Finite element simulation verification under multiple operating conditions shows that the preferred integrated fixed tow hook achieves safety factors greater than 1 under three typical operating conditions, meeting mandatory national standard requirements, and achieves a 35.3% weight reduction compared with the original structure. This scheme effectively addresses the core defects of existing structures and can serve as a reference for the optimal design of similar commercial vehicle safety components.

Key words: commercial vehicle; front tow hook; structural optimization; lightweight; finite element analysis