主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 31-35,57.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.012.006

• 设计研究 • 上一篇    

电驱动桥主减速器齿轮生热特性分析

王博文，陈焕明*，刘申康   

  1. 青岛大学 机电工程学院
  • 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 陈焕明
  • 作者简介:王博文（2000－），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为电驱动桥生热特性 通信作者：陈焕明（1981－），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为车辆系统动力学仿真与控制

Analysis of Gear Heat Generation Characteristics of the Main Reducer in an Electric Drive Axle

WANG Bowen, CHEN Huanming* , LIU Shenkang   

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University
  • Published:2026-06-23
  • Contact: CHEN Huanming

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摘要： 针对新能源汽车电驱动桥主减速器齿轮在高转速、高扭矩工况下因摩擦生热导致的温 升问题，开展了系统的生热特性分析与冷却优化研究。通过建立斜齿轮多级减速器模型，结 合理论计算与 ANSYS 有限元仿真方法，进行了瞬态结构分析与稳态热仿真，准确计算了齿 轮啮合温度，并分析了转速、扭矩及对流换热系数对温度的影响规律。研究结果表明，齿轮 温度与转速、扭矩呈正相关，与对流换热系数呈负相关。进一步对比喷油冷却与浸油冷却两 种方式的散热效果，发现喷油冷却在降温和润滑方面均优于浸油冷却。研究为电动汽车驱动 桥齿轮的热管理设计提供了理论依据与工程参考，对提升传动系统可靠性具有重要价值。

关键词: 电驱动桥；高速齿轮；ANSYS 有限元仿真；摩擦生热；SolidWorks；HyperMesh

Abstract: Aiming at the temperature rise issue caused by frictional heat generation of the main reducer gear in the electric drive axle of new energy vehicles under high-speed and high-torque conditions, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of heat generation characteristics and cooling optimization. By establishing a helical gear multi-stage reducer model and combining theoretical calculations with ANSYS finite element simulation, transient structural analysis and steady-state thermal simulation are performed to accurately calculate the gear meshing temperature, and to analyze the influence of rotational speed, torque, and convective heat transfer coefficient on temperature. The results show that gear temperature is positively correlated with rotational speed and torque, and negatively correlated with convective heat transfer coefficient. Further comparison of the heat dissipation effects of spray cooling and immersion cooling reveals that spray cooling outperforms immersion cooling in both temperature reduction and lubrication. This study provides theoretical basis and engineering reference for the thermal management design of electric vehicle drive axle gears, and is of great value for improving the reliability of the transmission system.

Key words: electric drive axle; high-speed gear; ANSYS finite element simulation; frictional heat generation; SolidWorks; HyperMesh