主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 33-37.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.011.006

• 汽车碰撞安全技术 • 上一篇    

小偏置碰撞车身结构优化研究

刘浩 1，王鹏 2   

  1. 1.浙江机电职业技术大学；2.浙江工贸职业技术学院
  • 发布日期:2026-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 刘浩
  • 作者简介:刘浩（1988－），男，讲师，研究方向为模具设计与制造、材料成型
  • 基金资助:
    2024 年度高校国内访问工程师“校企合作项目”“基于厚膜发热器件的智能汽车零部件加热系统研发与产 业化应用”（FG2024047）；2023 年浙江省教育厅一般科研项目“基于模云平台的模具智能制造探索与实践” （Y202351860）；2024 年浙江省成人教育与职业教育协会课题（2024-49）；2024 年机械职教政研分会一般 项目（SZ24B023）。

Research on Vehicle Body Structure Optimization under Small Overlap Crash Conditions

LIU Hao1 , WANG Peng2   

  1. 1.Zhejiang Ploytechnic University of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; 2.Zhejiang Industry &Trade Vocational College
  • Published:2026-06-04
  • Contact: LIU Hao

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摘要： 随着美国公路安全保险协会（IIHS）和中国保险汽车安全指数（CIASI）对 25%小偏置 正面碰撞评价要求的不断提升，该工况已成为检验车身前端结构抗撞性能的关键场景。针对 某车型建立小偏置碰撞仿真模型并分析基准结果后，文章从传力路径连续性、结构刚度匹配 和吸能结构有效覆盖三个方面提出优化方案，包括上指梁弧形化并与前纵梁整合、地板下纵 梁新增支撑件、A 柱与门槛梁加强。仿真结果表明，优化方案显著降低了乘员舱关键部位的 入侵量，改善了 A 柱与门槛梁的变形模式，提升了车身在小偏置工况下的整体抗撞能力，为 该类碰撞工况下车身结构设计提供了有效参考。

关键词: 小偏置碰撞；结构优化；碰撞仿真；传力路径

Abstract: With the increasing insurance institute for highway safety (IIHS) and China insurance automotive safety index (CIASI) requirements for 25% small-offset frontal collisions, this scenario has become a critical test for vehicle front-end crashworthiness. A simulation model is established for a specific vehicle, and baseline results were analyzed. Optimization measures are proposed focusing on load path continuity, structural stiffness matching, and energy-absorbing structure coverage, including curving and integrating the upper front rail with the front longitudinal beam, adding floor longitudinal supports, and reinforcing the A-pillar and sill beam. Simulations show that these measures significantly reduce occupant compartment intrusion, improve A-pillar and sill beam deformation, and enhance overall crash performance, providing an effective reference for front-end structural design under small-offset conditions.

Key words: small overlap crash; structural optimization; crash simulation; load path