关键词: 汽车内饰；零部件；碰撞冲击；落锤；小能量测试

Abstract: To accurately evaluate the crash safety performance of automotive interior components under low-energy impact conditions, this paper proposes a low-energy impact test method based on a drop hammer impact testing machine. The method employs a mass-adjustable drop hammer to achieve low-energy impacts ranging from 10–100 J by adjusting the drop height, combined with a high sampling frequency data acquisition system (10 000 Hz) to record acceleration, velocity, and other data in real time. Based on the principle of energy conservation, an energy loss quantification model accounting for various resistance factors is constructed. Through reverse calculation and compensation of the drop height, precise control of impact energy within the 10–100 J range is achieved. Longitudinal dynamic impact tests are conducted on a vehicle steering wheel, with results showing that at drop heights of 0.5 m and 1.0 m, the maximum intrusion displacements are 60.0 mm and 92.3 mm, the maximum impact forces are 0.8 kN and 1.0 kN, and the maximum energy absorption values are 0.03 kJ and 0.07 kJ, respectively, demonstrating the reliability of the test setup. The proposed method is simple to operate, cost-effective, suitable for safety testing of automotive interior components under low-energy impacts, and provides a reference for the development of relevant standards.

Key words: automotive interior; components; impact test; drop hammer; low-energy test