主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 56-61.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.006.011

• 测试试验 • 上一篇    

基于有限元动力学仿真及实验的叉车 方向盘减振设计方法

刘潇剑，陆益民，沈冲冲，陈恩伟*   

  1. 合肥工业大学 机械工程学院
  • 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈恩伟
  • 作者简介:作者简介：刘潇剑（2000－），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为结构振动； 通信作者：陈恩伟（1979－），男，博士，教授，研究方向为机械系统动力学及噪声振动控制
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金项目（2208085ME130）

Vibration Reduction Design Method for Forklift Steering Wheel Based on Finite Element Dynamic Simulation and Experimentation

LIU Xiaojian, LU Yimin, SHEN Chongchong, CHEN Enwei*   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology
  • Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: CHEN Enwei

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摘要： 针对某型叉车怠速时方向盘振动过大的问题，通过仿真与实验分析发现，系统模态频 率与发动机二阶点火频率接近，是导致振动加剧的主要原因。基于“源-路径-接收者”理论， 采用频率响应分析方法，提出在方向盘转向柱处加装动力吸振器的优化方案。仿真验证了方 案的有效性，实车测试结果表明，优化后方向盘振动总量降低 30.5%，有效解决了怠速工况 下的方向盘振动问题。研究表明，结合模态识别与动力吸振器设计的综合减振方法，可为叉 车类工程车辆的噪声、振动与声振粗糙度（NVH）优化提供有效技术路径。

关键词: 方向盘；怠速；振动控制；模态分析；频率响应；振动控制

Abstract: To address the excessive steering wheel vibration of a specific forklift during idle conditions, simulation and experimental analyses reveal that the proximity of the system's modal frequency to the engine's second-order ignition frequency is the primary cause of the intensified vibration. Based on the "source-path-receiver" theory and employing frequency response analysis, this study proposes an optimization scheme involving the installation of a dynamic vibration absorber on the steering column. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified through simulation, and real-vehicle test results demonstrate a 30.5% reduction in overall steering wheel vibration after optimization, effectively resolving the idle vibration issue. This research indicates that the comprehensive vibration reduction approach, which integrates modal identification with dynamic vibration absorber design, provides an effective technical pathway for the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) optimization of forklift-type engineering vehicles.

Key words: steering wheel; idle speed; vibration control; modal analysis; frequency response; dynamic vibration absorber