主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (17): 17-21.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.017.004

• 新能源汽车 • 上一篇    

锂离子电池热失控机制及安全性改进研究进展

黄迪 1，张育豪 2，杨玉艳 1   

  1. 1.陕西工业职业技术学院 汽车工程学院； 2.陕西工业职业技术学院 公共课教学部
  • 发布日期:2025-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 黄迪
  • 作者简介:黄迪（1996－），男，硕士，助教，研究方向为新能源汽车

A Review of Thermal Runaway Mechanism and Safety Improvement of Lithium-ion Battery

HUANG Di1 , ZHANG Yuhao2 , YANG Yuyan1   

  1. 1.School of Automotive Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute; 2.Department of Public Courses, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute
  • Published:2025-09-03
  • Contact: HUANG Di

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摘要： 随着新能源汽车产业的快速发展，动力电池安全已成为制约行业发展的瓶颈。文章综 述了锂离子电池热失控诱因及过程的相关研究，探讨了电滥用、机械滥用和热滥用等不同因 素引发热失控的机制，通过详细描述热失控触发、放热和爆发三个阶段，揭示了热失控的演 变过程。在此基础上分析了锂离子电池热安全的针对性改进措施，包括电池设计优化和热管 理系统的不同改进思路。这些改进的实现将有助于提高新能源汽车整体的安全性和可靠性。

关键词: 锂离子电池；热失控；机械滥用；热安全性

Abstract: With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the safety of power batteries has become a bottleneck restricting the industry's development. This article reviews the relevant research on the causes and processes of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, discusses the mechanisms of thermal runaway triggered by different factors such as electrical abuse, mechanical abuse, and thermal abuse, and describes in detail the three stages of triggering, heat release, and explosion of thermal runaway, revealing the evolution process of thermal runaway. Based on this, the targeted improvement measures for the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries are analyzed, including battery design optimization and different improvement ideas for thermal management systems. The realization of these improvements will help to enhance the overall safety and reliability of new energy vehicles.

Key words: lithium-ion battery; thermal runaway; mechanical abuse; thermal safety