关键词: 电动公交车；平顺度监测；ESP32-S3R8N8 单片机；ICM-42688 六轴运动传感器；随 机森林；长短期记忆网络

Abstract: Addressing the issue that electric buses, due to their high motor torque and rapid braking response, can generate instantaneous accelerations during starting, stopping, and turning that easily exceed the human standing balance threshold, leading to passenger injuries inside the vehicle, this paper designs and implements a real-time ride comfort monitoring and active warning system for electric buses based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The system uses the high-performance ESP32- S3R8N8 microcontroller as the core processing unit, collects vehicle dynamic data through the ICM-42688 six-axis motion sensor, and combines a hybrid model of random forest (RF) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network to intelligently identify dangerous driving behaviors such as sudden braking, rapid acceleration, and sharp turns. It establishes a technology chain of "data collection–feature extraction–behavior recognition–voice warning". Vehicle tests show that the system can accurately capture high-risk driving behaviors and provide real-time alerts, forming an effective safety loop. This achievement provides a reliable technical solution for reducing passenger injuries in electric buses and lays a solid technical foundation for promoting the deep integration of electric buses with intelligent transportation and supporting the digital construction of smart bus systems.

Key words: electric bus; smoothness monitoring; ESP32-S3R8N8 microcontroller; ICM-42688 sixaxis motion sensor; random forest; long short-term memory network